Vernier
Émile-Séraphin Vernier was born in Paris on 16 October 1852 and at 13 years old apprenticed to Poussielgue-Rusand. With Poussielgue-Rusand he studied sculpture, metal engraving and metal chasing until 1869 before switching job and eventually ending up on his own in 1870. This is when he began crafting pieces for himself and for the trade officially creating pieces for Bapst et Falize in 1877 which he worked with until 1887 while simultaneously creating for Froment-Meurice from 1882 to 85 and Vever from 1888 to 92 as well as Sandoz and Fonsèque et Olive. Vernier first exhibited his works alone in Paris at the 1876 Salon and in the 1886 Salon he received an honorable mention. At the Exposition Universelle (1889) he also received an honorable mention. At the end of 1888 Vernier began to devote himself to making medals, which were used in brooches and pendants and by 1896 the French government sent him to Cairo to study the work of the antique Egyptian goldsmiths and jewelers. Vernier received a Bronze Medal at the Exposition Universelle (1900). In 1905 he was elected president of the Société des artistes décorateurs. He began to teach, educate, and study from 1950 to 1927 when he passed away in Paris on 9 September 1927,
